According to Indonesia’s Constitutional Court on 17 June 2026, which city still served as the national capital, and what currency does Indonesia use?

Jakarta; the Indonesian rupiah (IDR). The Court said that the transfer to Nusantara depended on a presidential decree that had not yet been issued. This is a dated legal position, not a timeless designation.

Which country is entirely surrounded by South Africa, and what is its capital?

Lesotho; its capital is Maseru. It is an enclave within South Africa.

What role do the Ural Mountains play in the conventional division of Europe and Asia?

They form part of a commonly used boundary. Europe and Asia share the landmass of Eurasia; their division is a geographic convention, not an unbroken natural or tectonic-plate boundary. Routes farther south vary between conventions.

Where do the Nile and Amazon empty, and why can reported length rankings differ?

The Nile empties into the Mediterranean Sea; the Amazon into the Atlantic Ocean. They are commonly listed as the two longest rivers, but length depends on the chosen source, mouth and measurement method. The Amazon is the largest river by discharge.

What is Canada’s capital, and in which province is it located?

Ottawa, in Ontario, on the Ottawa River.

Which ocean trench contains Earth’s deepest known seafloor, and what is the deepest site called?

The Mariana Trench in the western Pacific; the site is Challenger Deep. NOAA cites a depth of about 10,935 m. Depth estimates depend on the survey and measurement method.

As checked in November 2026, which four Schengen countries are not European Union members?

Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Schengen participation and EU membership are different arrangements.

What is the capital city and official currency of South Korea?

Seoul; the South Korean won (KRW).

What is the capital city and official currency of Brazil?

Brasília; the Brazilian real (BRL).

Which strait links the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman?

The Strait of Hormuz. The Gulf of Oman opens into the Arabian Sea.

Which ten states does the Danube’s main channel flow through or border?

Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova and Ukraine. It empties into the Black Sea. Its wider drainage basin includes additional countries.

What are the Baltic states and their capitals?

Estonia: Tallinn; Latvia: Riga; Lithuania: Vilnius.

Between which land areas does the Strait of Malacca run, and which adjoining strait completes the route to the South China Sea?

It runs between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Southeastward, ships continue through the Singapore Strait to the South China Sea. Together the straits form a major route between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Where are the European Commission, European Parliament, Court of Justice and European Central Bank based?

The Commission is based in Brussels, with some services in Luxembourg. Parliament has its official seat and main plenary sessions in Strasbourg, committee work and additional sessions in Brussels, and its Secretariat in Luxembourg. The Court of Justice is in Luxembourg; the ECB is in Frankfurt am Main.

What is the capital city and official currency of Sweden?

Stockholm; the Swedish krona (SEK).

What is the capital city and official currency of Poland?

Warsaw (Warszawa); the Polish złoty (PLN).

What are Egypt’s constitutional capital and national currency?

Cairo; the Egyptian pound (EGP). Government offices have moved to the new administrative capital, so distinguish their location from Cairo’s constitutional status.

Which South American countries are landlocked, and how do Bolivia’s capital and government seat differ?

Bolivia and Paraguay are landlocked. Bolivia’s constitutional capital is Sucre, while La Paz is the seat of government. Paraguay’s capital is Asunción.

Which five states border the Caspian Sea?

Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan. Despite its name, the Caspian is an enclosed inland body of water.

What is Australia’s capital, and in which territory is it located?

Canberra, in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).

What is the Pacific Ring of Fire, and why is it volcanically and seismically active?

It is a zone around much of the Pacific rim with many active volcanoes and earthquakes. It includes boundaries between several tectonic plates, with widespread subduction. It is not a single plate boundary.

What are the largest hot desert and the largest desert overall?

The Sahara in northern Africa is the largest hot desert. Antarctica is the largest desert overall: desert classification depends on low precipitation, not on heat or the absence of ice.

Which strait separates the Iberian Peninsula from Morocco, and which waters does it connect?

The Strait of Gibraltar, connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

What is the world’s longest continental mountain range, and what is its highest peak?

The Andes, along western South America. Their highest peak is Aconcagua in Argentina, approximately 6,961 m above sea level.

What is the capital city and official currency of Vietnam?

Hanoi (Hà Nội); the Vietnamese đồng (VND).

Which city serves as Switzerland’s federal city, and what currency does Switzerland use?

Bern is the federal city and de facto capital; the currency is the Swiss franc (CHF). Bern is the seat of the federal government and Parliament, rather than a formally designated national capital.

What do latitude and longitude measure, and what are their zero references?

Latitude measures angular position north or south of the Equator, which is 0° latitude. Longitude measures angular position east or west of a reference prime meridian, which is 0° longitude. Modern global systems use a meridian close to the historic Greenwich meridian; exact coordinates depend on the reference system.

What do South Africa’s three traditional capital labels refer to?

Pretoria is the executive or administrative capital; Cape Town houses Parliament; Bloemfontein houses the Supreme Court of Appeal and is traditionally called the judicial capital. The Constitutional Court, the country’s apex court, is in Johannesburg.

What is the capital city and official currency of India?

New Delhi; the Indian rupee (INR).

Which lake is known as the world’s oldest and deepest freshwater lake, and where is it?

Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia. It is about 25 million years old and more than 1.6 km deep.

What is the capital city and official currency of Turkey?

Ankara; the Turkish lira (TRY).

World Geography: Capitals, Currencies & Landmarks

32 selected recall cards on capitals and currencies, major physical features, strategic waterways, European institutions and geographic coordinates. Includes distinctions between legal capitals and government seats, and between geographic conventions and measured facts.

Level: basic
Languages: en → en
Cards: 32
Markdown: World Geography: Capitals, Currencies & Landmarks (.md)

Flashcards (32)

#	Front (Term / Question)	Back (Definition / Answer)
1	According to Indonesia’s Constitutional Court on 17 June 2026, which city still served as the national capital, and what currency does Indonesia use?	Jakarta; the Indonesian rupiah (IDR). The Court said that the transfer to Nusantara depended on a presidential decree that had not yet been issued. This is a dated legal position, not a timeless designation.
2	Which country is entirely surrounded by South Africa, and what is its capital?	Lesotho; its capital is Maseru. It is an enclave within South Africa.
3	What role do the Ural Mountains play in the conventional division of Europe and Asia?	They form part of a commonly used boundary. Europe and Asia share the landmass of Eurasia; their division is a geographic convention, not an unbroken natural or tectonic-plate boundary. Routes farther south vary between conventions.
4	Where do the Nile and Amazon empty, and why can reported length rankings differ?	The Nile empties into the Mediterranean Sea; the Amazon into the Atlantic Ocean. They are commonly listed as the two longest rivers, but length depends on the chosen source, mouth and measurement method. The Amazon is the largest river by discharge.
5	What is Canada’s capital, and in which province is it located?	Ottawa, in Ontario, on the Ottawa River.
6	Which ocean trench contains Earth’s deepest known seafloor, and what is the deepest site called?	The Mariana Trench in the western Pacific; the site is Challenger Deep. NOAA cites a depth of about 10,935 m. Depth estimates depend on the survey and measurement method.
7	As checked in November 2026, which four Schengen countries are not European Union members?	Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Schengen participation and EU membership are different arrangements.
8	What is the capital city and official currency of South Korea?	Seoul; the South Korean won (KRW).
9	What is the capital city and official currency of Brazil?	Brasília; the Brazilian real (BRL).
10	Which strait links the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman?	The Strait of Hormuz. The Gulf of Oman opens into the Arabian Sea.
11	Which ten states does the Danube’s main channel flow through or border?	Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova and Ukraine. It empties into the Black Sea. Its wider drainage basin includes additional countries.
12	What are the Baltic states and their capitals?	Estonia: Tallinn; Latvia: Riga; Lithuania: Vilnius.
13	Between which land areas does the Strait of Malacca run, and which adjoining strait completes the route to the South China Sea?	It runs between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Southeastward, ships continue through the Singapore Strait to the South China Sea. Together the straits form a major route between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
14	Where are the European Commission, European Parliament, Court of Justice and European Central Bank based?	The Commission is based in Brussels, with some services in Luxembourg. Parliament has its official seat and main plenary sessions in Strasbourg, committee work and additional sessions in Brussels, and its Secretariat in Luxembourg. The Court of Justice is in Luxembourg; the ECB is in Frankfurt am Main.
15	What is the capital city and official currency of Sweden?	Stockholm; the Swedish krona (SEK).
16	What is the capital city and official currency of Poland?	Warsaw (Warszawa); the Polish złoty (PLN).
17	What are Egypt’s constitutional capital and national currency?	Cairo; the Egyptian pound (EGP). Government offices have moved to the new administrative capital, so distinguish their location from Cairo’s constitutional status.
18	Which South American countries are landlocked, and how do Bolivia’s capital and government seat differ?	Bolivia and Paraguay are landlocked. Bolivia’s constitutional capital is Sucre, while La Paz is the seat of government. Paraguay’s capital is Asunción.
19	Which five states border the Caspian Sea?	Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan. Despite its name, the Caspian is an enclosed inland body of water.
20	What is Australia’s capital, and in which territory is it located?	Canberra, in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).
21	What is the Pacific Ring of Fire, and why is it volcanically and seismically active?	It is a zone around much of the Pacific rim with many active volcanoes and earthquakes. It includes boundaries between several tectonic plates, with widespread subduction. It is not a single plate boundary.
22	What are the largest hot desert and the largest desert overall?	The Sahara in northern Africa is the largest hot desert. Antarctica is the largest desert overall: desert classification depends on low precipitation, not on heat or the absence of ice.
23	Which strait separates the Iberian Peninsula from Morocco, and which waters does it connect?	The Strait of Gibraltar, connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
24	What is the world’s longest continental mountain range, and what is its highest peak?	The Andes, along western South America. Their highest peak is Aconcagua in Argentina, approximately 6,961 m above sea level.
25	What is the capital city and official currency of Vietnam?	Hanoi (Hà Nội); the Vietnamese đồng (VND).
26	What is the capital city and official currency of Japan?	Tokyo; the Japanese yen (JPY).
27	Which city serves as Switzerland’s federal city, and what currency does Switzerland use?	Bern is the federal city and de facto capital; the currency is the Swiss franc (CHF). Bern is the seat of the federal government and Parliament, rather than a formally designated national capital.
28	What do latitude and longitude measure, and what are their zero references?	Latitude measures angular position north or south of the Equator, which is 0° latitude. Longitude measures angular position east or west of a reference prime meridian, which is 0° longitude. Modern global systems use a meridian close to the historic Greenwich meridian; exact coordinates depend on the reference system.
29	What do South Africa’s three traditional capital labels refer to?	Pretoria is the executive or administrative capital; Cape Town houses Parliament; Bloemfontein houses the Supreme Court of Appeal and is traditionally called the judicial capital. The Constitutional Court, the country’s apex court, is in Johannesburg.
30	What is the capital city and official currency of India?	New Delhi; the Indian rupee (INR).
31	Which lake is known as the world’s oldest and deepest freshwater lake, and where is it?	Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia. It is about 25 million years old and more than 1.6 km deep.
32	What is the capital city and official currency of Turkey?	Ankara; the Turkish lira (TRY).